黄河水下三角洲沉积物强度变化原位测试研究   总被引：14，自引：8，他引：14  

贾永刚  霍素霞  许国辉  单红仙  郑建国  刘红军 《岩土力学》2004,25(6):876-881

研究区位于1964～1976年黄河由刁口入海时形成的水下三角洲叶瓣上。1995年为石油开采在潮坪上构筑的交通设施对波浪形成良好的屏障。在屏障两侧各选一典型研究区，于1999年和2002年进行了大量对比性现场原位土工测试，探讨了波浪对黄河口沉积物的次生改造作用，结果表明：(1)较强的波浪荷载作用，不会提高海底沉积物的表层强度，只是导致不均匀程度随水动力作用的时间增长有所加大：(2)较强的波浪荷载作用，使得海底表层沉积物之下一定深度范围内土体强度提高，形成强度硬层：(3)海底沉积物强度沿着剖面线在平面上呈现周期性或间隔性变化。  相似文献   

石英脉型辉钼矿矿床多建造地球化学异常特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱柏松  王成良  张方君 《物探与化探》2004,28(2):114-115,118

通过对石英脉型辉钼矿床水系沉积物和区域成矿带多建造地球化学异常特征的研究,为寻找石英脉型钼矿床提供地球化学论据。  相似文献   

长江三峡深槽沉积的研究     

杨达源  李徐生  任黎秀  张建新  葛兆帅  王爱军  陈可锋 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):501-505

文章研究长江三峡两个基岩深槽沉积岩砾的岩性组成与粒度特征,深槽底部的砾石成分以深槽基岩崩落蚀余物质为主,深槽的中上部则以长江底流搬运沉积物为主。¹⁴C测年数据显示,深槽的发育在3.5万年以前,以侵蚀深切为主,没有留下蚀余堆积;3.5万年以后,仍以侵蚀为主,但已有蚀余为主的岩块堆积;大约2.4万年以来,逐渐有缓慢的冲积砾石堆积;至葛洲坝建成以后,该地发育了比较稳定的冲积砾石层和砂层。看来大约35kaB.P.前后,该地水动力强度发生过重大变化,与施雅风等关于3～4万年前长江上游多雨期研究成果相吻合。  相似文献   

晚更新世晚期以来的长江上游古洪水记录   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

葛兆帅  杨达源  李徐生  任朝霞 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):555-560

长江上游三峡河段主要的古洪水记录有:1)三峡深槽的蚀积变化;2)长江阶地粗粒沉积;3)长江的泛滥沉积;4)长江的古洪水平流沉积。不同时间跨度不同类型古洪水记录的精度有较大的差别。古洪水记录显示,晚更新世晚期的40～30kaB.P.,长江上游大洪水比30kaB.P.以来的长江上游大洪水大得多;全新世以来,以3983aB.P.前后的大洪水为相对最大;公元1870年大洪水为3000aB.P.以来最大洪水;近百年来的实测洪水以公元1981年洪水为最大。  相似文献   

Determining the climatic boundary between the Chinese loess and palaeosol: evidence from aeolian coarse-grained magnetite   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Qingsong Liu  Subir K. Banerjee  Michael J. Jackson  Fahu Chen  Yongxin Pan  Rixiang Zhu 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,156(2):267-274

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Further examples of ventifacts and unusual patterned ground from the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic     

Peter Wilson  Emma J. Edwards 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2004,86(1):107-115

Abstract Examples of ventifacts and forms of unusual patterned ground that differ in situation, characteristics and/or origin to types reported previously are described from the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic. The ventifacts, represented by clasts projecting from an eroding tillite shore platform, have been grooved by the passage of windblown sand. The patterned ground forms comprise stone polygons on clay loam regolith, stone polygons on peat, peat‐filled desiccation cracks on peat, and clusters of on‐edge clasts (stone packings) on a gravel beach. Aeolian transport of particles is considered responsible for the infill of the polygonal cracks. The clusters of on‐edge clasts are thought to have developed as a result of wave action, in particular backwash and/or undertow. Although these features occupy small surface areas they provide useful information about local geomorphic processes and testify to the marked diversity of such features in nature.  相似文献   

Distribution of trace metals in the Odra River system: Water–suspended matter–sediments     

Edeltrauda Helios Rybicka  Ewa Adamiec  Urszula Aleksander-Kwaterczak 《Limnologica》2005,35(3):185-198

Extensive investigations of trace metals concentrations in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bottom sediments of the whole Odra River system were carried out over the years 1997–2000. The vertical distribution of selected metals and their mobility were also studied in the sediment cores from upper and middle river sections. Significant levels of metal contamination were found. Median concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and As) in the SPM and sediments were (mg kg⁻¹) 7.1 and 8.9 Cd, 128 and 146 Pb, 81 and 119 Cu, 1198 and 1204 Zn, 48 and 54 As, respectively. The highest metal pollution of the Odra River solids was found with cadmium, zinc, lead and arsenic, showing high similarity in their frequency distributions in both SPM and sediments. Cd, Zn and As appear to be of particular concern because of the high levels, that appear to be bioavailable, and their high mobility. The exchangeable and carbonate chemical forms of Cd and Zn reached up to 50% of their total amount. Besides the determination of total metal concentration, the metal chemical forms in river solids were investigated. The results of very wide studies of the Odra River system through 4 years suggest that metal pollution decreased, especially for Zn, Pb and Cu. Among all metals studied in the Odra River sediments, substantial reductions of Cd contamination were observed neither in the period after ’97 flood, nor if compared with the earlier results obtained before ’97. No essential differences of the metal contents were observed among the samples for the same river compartment, from the same locality, taken within the five sampling campaigns. The pattern of spatial and vertical metal distributions in the river solids indicates that a variety of sources might be responsible for the contamination; very intensive, historical and current mining and smelting activities probably are the most important ones.  相似文献   

Dust production and the release of iron oxides resulting from the aeolian abrasion of natural dune sands     

Joanna E. Bullard  Kevin White 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(1):95-106

Global dust trajectories indicate that signi?cant quantities of aeolian‐transported iron oxides originate in contemporary dryland areas. One potential source is the iron‐rich clay coatings that characterize many sand‐sized particles in desert dune?elds. This paper uses laboratory experiments to determine the rate at which these coatings can be removed from dune sands by aeolian abrasion. The coatings impart a red colour to the grains to which previous researchers have assigned variable geomorphological signi?cance. The quantities of iron removed during a 120 hour abrasion experiment are small (99 mg kg^?1) and dif?cult to detect by eye; however, high resolution spectroscopy clearly indicates that ferric oxides are released during abrasion and the re?ectance of the particles alters. One of the products of aeolian abrasion is ?ne particles (<10 µm diameter) with the potential for long distance transport. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of Miyun reservoir     

LIU Xiaoduan  XU Qing  GE Xiaoli  LIU Liu  WU Dianwei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The chemical forms, spatial distribution and sources of As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments of the Miyun reservoir were studied. The results of sequential extraction demonstrate that most of As, Pb and Zn were bound to the residual fraction, Hg was associated with the sulfide fraction while Cd was associated with the carbonate fraction and the residual fraction. On the vertical profiles the concentrations of the heavy metals in total and each fractions mostly decreased with increasing depths in sediments, suggesting that the heavy metals input from the upstream watershed increases yearly. Summation of the residual fraction, the sulfide fraction and the carbonate fraction accounts for 60.03%―85.60% of the total heavy metal contents in the sediments, which represent the geochemical background values of the elements and relate closely to soil erosion. Results of the main factor analysis show that most sediments of the reservoir come from the upstream soil erosion, the point source pollution and domestic waste. Moreover, the microbial activities taking place on the sediment-water interface are also one of the major factors to cause the increasing content of the organic matter fraction and the iron-manganese oxide fraction. Environmental change of the reservoir water could make the removability of the heavy metals increase, leading to the increase of their concentrations in pore water in sediments, and imperiling water quality of the reservoir.  相似文献   

A magnetoclimatological investigation of Pampean loess, Argentina   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. C. Bidegain  M. E. Evans  A. J. van Velzen 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(1):55-62

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